HPRHealth Psychology ResearchTBA2420-8124Health Psychology Research10.52965/001c.93976Generalsubstance use and recidivism of intimate partner violence in Peru:   A cross-sectional study. https://healthpr.org/journal/HPR/12/1/10.52965/001c.93976SrVictor Roman-Lazarte,Moncada-MapelliEnrique,Galeas-TorreMaryorie K,RomanLuz A,Marcelo-ArmasMaricela L20241212024-02-25Background Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) carries significant global burden, with approximately 27% of women who have ever had a partner experiencing IPV. Additionally, substance use (alcohol and drugs) is often associated with aggressive attitudes and serves as a risk factor for IPV. Objective Determine the association between substance use and the recurrence of IPV in the Peruvian population in 2022. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using public data from the Ministry of Women, employing regression based on generalized linear models to calculate crude and adjusted Odds Ratios. Results A total of 65,290 cases of IPV were analyzed, the results revealed that 93.70% of the reports were cases of recidivism. A relationship was identified between substance use and IPV, with an Odds Ratio of 2.24 for the perpetrator’s alcohol consumption and an Odds Ratio of 2.33 for drug use. Conclusion Based on these findings, it can be concluded that a relationship exists between substance use and IPV, and national strategies should incorporate proper monitoring after the initial report of violence, as well as effective control of substance use among perpetrators.spouse abuse, gender-based violence, alcohol drinking, substance abuse, drug abuse

1. Patra P, Prakash J, Patra B, Khanna P. Intimate Partner Violence: Wounds are Deeper. Indian J Psychiatry. 2018;60(4):494. doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_74_172. Sardinha L, Maheu-Giroux M, Stöckl H, Meyer SR, García-Moreno C. Global, regional, and national prevalence estimates of physical or sexual, or both, intimate partner violence against women in 2018. The Lancet. 2022;399(10327):803-813. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02664-73. Bott S, Guedes A, Ruiz-Celis AP, Mendoza JA. Intimate Partner Violence in the Americas: A Systematic Review and Reanalysis of National Prevalence Estimates. Rev Panam Salud Pública. 2019;43:e26. doi:10.26633/rpsp.2019.264. Barón-Lozada FA, Basualdo-Meléndez GW, Vargas-Fernández R, Hernández-Vásquez A, Bendezu-Quispe G. Women’s Autonomy and Intimate Partner Violence in Peru: Analysis of a National Health Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(21):14373. doi:10.3390/ijerph1921143735. Krug EG, Mercy JA, Dahlberg LL, Zwi AB. The world report on violence and health. The Lancet. 2002;360(9339):1083-1088. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11133-06. Clare CA, Velasquez G, Mujica Martorell GM, Fernández D, Dinh J, Montague A. Risk factors for male perpetration of intimate partner violence: A review. Aggress Violent Behav. 2021;56:101532. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2020.1015327. Kouyoumdjian FG, Calzavara LM, Bondy SJ, et al. Risk factors for intimate partner violence in women in the Rakai Community Cohort Study, Uganda, from 2000 to 2009. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):566. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-5668. Fonseca AM, Galduróz JCF, Tondowski CS, Noto AR. Padrões de violência domiciliar associada ao uso de álcool no Brasil. Rev Saúde Pública. 2009;43(5):743-749. doi:10.1590/s0034-891020090050000499. Romero-Martínez Á, Lila M, Moya-Albiol L. Alcohol Abuse Mediates the Association between Baseline T/C Ratio and Anger Expression in Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators. Behav Sci. 2015;5(1):113-120. doi:10.3390/bs501011310. Romero-Martínez Á, Lila M, Sarrate-Costa C, Comes-Fayos J, Moya-Albiol L. Neuropsychological Performance, Substance Misuse, and Recidivism in Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrators. Psychosoc Interv. 2023;32(2):69-77. doi:10.5093/pi2022a711. Leal Filho W, Kovaleva M, Tsani S, et al. Promoting gender equality across the sustainable development goals. Environ Dev Sustain. 2022;25(12):14177-14198. doi:10.1007/s10668-022-02656-112. Prescott JJ, Pyle B, Starr SB. Understanding Violent-Crime Recidivism. Published online May 1, 2020. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=357191213. Yukhnenko D, Sridhar S, Fazel S. A systematic review of criminal recidivism rates worldwide: 3-year update. Wellcome Open Res. 2020;4:28. doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14970.314. Lussier P, McCuish E, Chouinard Thivierge S, Frechette J. A meta-analysis of trends in general, sexual, and violent recidivism among youth with histories of sex offending. Trauma Violence Abuse. 2023;25(1):54-72. doi:10.1177/1524838022113765315. Campbell JC, Webster D, Koziol-McLain J, et al. Risk Factors for Femicide in Abusive Relationships: Results From a Multisite Case Control Study. Am J Public Health. 2003;93(7):1089-1097. doi:10.2105/ajph.93.7.108916. Sorrentino A, Guida C, Cinquegrana V, Baldry AC. Femicide Fatal Risk Factors: A Last Decade Comparison between Italian Victims of Femicide by Age Groups. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(21):7953. doi:10.3390/ijerph1721795317. Kingsnorth R. Intimate Partner Violence: Predictors of Recidivism in a Sample of Arrestees. Violence Against Women. 2006;12(10):917-935. doi:10.1177/107780120629308118. Bengtson S, Lund J, Ibsen M, Lngstrm N. Long-Term Violent Reoffending Following Forensic Psychiatric Treatment: Comparing Forensic Psychiatric Examinees and General Offender Controls. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.0071519. Heru AM. Intimate partner violence: treating abuser and abused. Adv Psychiatr Treat. 2007;13(5):376-383. doi:10.1192/apt.bp.107.00374920. Karakurt G, Ko E, Katta P, Jones N, Bolen SD. Treatments for Female Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol. 2022;13:793021. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.79302121. Stith SM, McCollum EE. Conjoint treatment of couples who have experienced intimate partner violence. Aggress Violent Behav. 2011;16(4):312-318. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2011.04.01222. Bellot A, Izal M, Montorio I. The role of women's resources in the prediction of intimate partner violence revictimization by the same or different aggressors. Front Psychol. 2022;13. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.101468323. Villardn-Gallego L, Garca-Cid A, Estvez A, Garca-Carrin R. Early Educational Interventions to Prevent Gender-Based Violence: A Systematic Review. Healthcare. 2023;11(1):142. doi:10.3390/healthcare1101014224. Gobierno del Per. Programa AURORA. November 12, 2019. Accessed October 9, 2023. https://www.gob.pe/institucion/mimp/noticias/70795-aurora-es-la-nueva%20denominacion-del-programa-que-busca-prevenir-y-erradicar-la-violencia-contra-las-mujeres25. Roman-Lazarte V, Roman L, Galeas-Torre MK. Anlisis de la violencia fsica de pareja en Per: un anlisis temporal antes y durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. Published online August 31, 2023. doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2023.08.004